A U.S. judge on Wednesday refused to force Google to sell a division of its digital advertising business, rejecting the government’s push to break up part of the company’s ad empire. In a court order, Judge Leonie Brinkema of the federal court in Alexandria, Virginia, opted instead for a set of rules governing how Google must operate in the ad market. The decision is the second time in recent years that a federal judge has declined to dismantle a piece of Google’s business after a judge last year refused to force the sale of its Chrome browser in a separate monopoly case over online search. Those cases are part of a broader U.S. government effort to curtail the competitive dominance of big tech companies, including Apple, Amazon and Meta. Results have been mixed, with another judge deciding against government lawyers in a suit against Meta’s social media empire. The reasoning behind today’s decision is not yet public. Judge Brinkema filed her opinion under seal for 14 days, leaving the details of how Google must change its ad business unknown for now. She gave the two sides 30 days to submit a joint proposed final judgment. The case focused on Google’s ad tech “stack” -- the suite of tools that website publishers use to sell ads and advertisers use to buy them. Brinkema ruled last year that Google had willfully monopolized both the publisher ad server and ad exchange markets, and had unlawfully tied the two products together. Google has said it will appeal the underlying liability ruling. The government’s case portrayed Google as simultaneously controlling multiple sides of the digital advertising marketplace, owning the platform that publishers use to sell ads as well as the exchange where transactions occur, all while commanding huge advertiser demand. According to the Department of Justice, Google once compared this arrangement to Goldman Sachs owning the New York Stock Exchange. Prosecutors had sought the sale of Google’s ad auction site AdX and the open-sourcing of critical auction technology. Google characterized the proposed remedies as extreme government overreach that would harm publishers, advertisers and consumers. It had also argued that splitting up the service would be technically unfeasible. At closing arguments last year, Brinkema questioned how long a forced sale would take and noted that no buyer for AdX had been identified.
